Igereranya ry'ibicuruzwa bya Blower mu byiciro no mu bice bitandukanye
Imashini isohora umwuka yerekeza ku mufana ufite igitutu cy’amazi gisohoka kingana na 30-200kPa hakurikijwe imiterere y’igishushanyo mbonera. Dukurikije imiterere n’amahame y’imikorere atandukanye, imashini zisohora umwuka zikunze kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: imashini zisohora umwuka (positive displacement) na turbine. Imashini zisohora umwuka (positive displacement blowers) zitsindagira kandi zitwara umwuka binyuze mu guhindura ingano ya gazi, izwi cyane nka Roots blowers na screw blowers; imashini zisohora umwuka (turbine blowers) zitsindagira kandi zitwara umwuka binyuze mu blades zizenguruka, harimo cyane cyane centrifugal na axial flow. Muri iki gihe, imashini zikoreshwa cyane ni Roots blower na centrifugal blower.
Imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal muri rusange igizwe na impeller, volute, moteri, frequency converter, bearing, control system, na bord, muri zo impeller, moteri, na bearing ari byo bice by'ingenzi by'ingenzi. Ugereranyije na Roots blower, mashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'amahitamo mu bijyanye n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko wo kongera n'amazi, kandi ifite imiterere yo gukora neza cyane, urusaku ruto, n'imikorere ihamye. Inganda zikora imiti n'ibindi bicuruzwa bishya birinda ibidukikije nko gutunganya imyanda, gusubiza ubushyuhe, gukuraho sulfurization no kugabanya amashanyarazi. Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal zigizwe ahanini na mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal gakondo, mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal nyinshi, mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal hamwe na mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ya centrifugal zigaragaza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu nganda.
Imashini zisanzwe zikoresha centrifugal zikoresha icyiciro kimwe n’izikoresha ibyiciro byinshi zifite imiterere igoye, zikora nabi cyane, zikora akazi kenshi ko kubungabunga ndetse zigatwara amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga, kandi zishobora kuva amavuta n’amavuta yo kwisiga, bigatera ihumana ry’ikirere n’ikirere gifunze.
Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya centrifugal levitation magnetic levitation ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya magnetic levitation bearing, rituma igikoresho gikoreshwa mu buryo bugoye n'amavuta akenewe kuri mashini isanzwe, kandi ntigire amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa ngo ikomeze kuyitunganya, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha nyuma yo kuyitunganya. Sisitemu yo kugenzura magnetic levitation bearing iragoye cyane. , Iki gicuruzwa gifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kandi kiramba.
Amasafuriya yo mu kirere ni amasafuriya akoresha umwuka nk'amavuta. Umwuka nk'amavuta ufite imiterere yo kuba muto cyane, kandi imiterere yawo ya shimi irahamye kurusha amazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo ushyiremo amavuta y'amazi mu kirere no kuyakuramo, imiterere y'ayo masafuriya yoroshywa, ikiguzi cyo kuyashyiramo kiragabanuka, kandi bifite ibyiza byo kugabanya guhindagura, kugabanya urusaku no gutuma icyuma gifunze kitagira umwanda. Yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zisohora umwuka mu myaka yashize. Imashini isohora umwuka ikoresha amasafuriya yo mu kirere, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza ibintu mu buryo butaziguye, imashini zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, moteri zihuta cyane, nta gukururana kw'inyongera, nta guhindagura gukomeye gukenewe, nta musingi wihariye wo gushyiraho ukenewe, kandi imiterere yo gushyiraho irasobanutse kandi yoroshye.
Politiki y'inganda za Blower
Imashini zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa muri rusange, kandi iterambere ry’inganda rigengwa kandi rigashyigikirwa na politiki y’igihugu yo gukora ibikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’uko igihugu gikomeje guteza imbere inganda zikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe, kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe bizaba ari byo byibandwaho mu iterambere ry’ejo hazaza. Izi zikurikira ni politiki z’ingenzi z’inganda:
Incamake y'iterambere ry'inganda za Blower n'imigendekere yazo
(1) Incamake y'iterambere ry'inganda zikora ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
Gukora imashini zisohora umwotsi mu gihugu cyanjye byatangiye mu myaka ya 1950. Muri iki cyiciro, byari ukwigana gusa ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga; mu myaka ya 1980, inganda zikomeye zikora imashini zisohora umwotsi mu gihugu cyanjye zatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa igishushanyo mbonera cy’impande zisanzwe, gikozwe mu buryo bukurikiranye, kandi gihuriweho, byazamuye cyane urwego rw’igishushanyo mbonera n’inganda muri rusange. Nakoze imashini zisohora umwotsi zijyanye n’ibyo abantu bakeneye muri icyo gihe.
Mu myaka ya 1990, inganda zikomeye zikora utwuma duto two mu gihugu zakomeje gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora ibikoresho byo mu mahanga bishingiye ku bufatanye n'ibigo by'amahanga. Binyuze mu igogora, kubyaza umusaruro no kugerageza, urwego rw'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'inganda za Roots blowers mu gihugu cyanjye rwarushijeho kuba rwiza cyane, kandi icyuma gikoresha centrifugal nacyo cyabanje gushyirwamo ibikoresho. Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya no gukora; urwego rwa tekiniki rw'inganda zikoresha utwuma duto rurimo gutera imbere vuba, ibyuma bikoresha utwuma duto two mu gihugu bishobora guhaza ibyo umuhinzi w'inganda z'igihugu cyanjye akeneye, kandi buhoro buhoro bisimbura ibyo bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Nyuma ya 2000, umusaruro rusange w’inganda zikora imashini zisohora umuriro mu gihugu cyanjye wagaragaje iterambere, kandi ibicuruzwa nka Roots blowers byatangiye koherezwa mu bihugu byinshi n’uturere. Mu 2018, umusaruro w’inganda zisohora umuriro mu gihugu cyanjye wari ugera ku bihumbi 58, bikaba byari byiyongereyeho 11.9% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Muri byo, isoko ry’imashini zisohora umuriro rya Roots ryari 93%, naho isoko ry’imashini zisohora umuriro rya centrifugal ryari 7%.
Ugereranije n'ibigo bikomeye byo mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa by'imashini zisohora imyanda mu gihugu cyanjye byatangiye bitinze. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ubukungu bw'imbere mu gihugu, icyifuzo cy'inganda zisohora imyanda kiriyongera. Dukurikije imibare ituruka kuri Compressor.com, ingano y'isoko ry'imashini zisohora imyanda mu gihugu mu 2019 ni miliyari 2.7 z'amayuani. Mu gihe kiri imbere, bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu buryo bukurikira nk'amashanyarazi n'amazi mabi, icyifuzo cy'imashini zisohora imyanda kizakomeza kwiyongera. Biteganijwe ko isoko ry'imashini zisohora imyanda rizakomeza kwiyongeraho 5%-7% mu myaka itatu iri imbere.
(2) Iterambere ry'Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi
① Ingufu
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu bigezweho, by’ubwenge kandi bidafite ibidukikije, zimwe mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa flue zigamije kugabanya no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, ibyo bikaba bibangamira iterambere ry’inganda. Inganda nini zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa flue zikomeje kugera ku musaruro mu bushakashatsi no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rishya rijyanye no kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije. Ariko, amasosiyete menshi mato n’aciriritse aracyafite agaciro gake, kabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa flue. Kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ni byo byerekezo by’iterambere bidasubirwaho ry’abakora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa flue.
② Gukoresha umuvuduko muto cyane
Kongera umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka bishobora gutuma icyuma gisohora umwuka gito cyane, kandi bigatanga ingaruka zo kugabanya ingano n'uburemere mu gihe binongera imikorere myiza. Ariko, kongera umuvuduko wa impeller bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bikoresho bya impeller, sisitemu yo gufunga, sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu hamwe no kudahindagurika kwa rotor ya blower, iki kibazo kikaba kigomba kwigwa no gukemurwa mu iterambere rya blower.
③Urusaku ruri hasi
Urusaku rw'icyuma gisohora umwuka ahanini ni urusaku rwo mu kirere, kandi ikibazo cy'urusaku rw'icyuma kinini gisohora umwuka kiragaragara. Umuvuduko wacyo ni muto, urusaku ni ruke, kandi uburebure bw'urusaku ni burebure, bityo ntibyoroshye kubihagarika no kubikuraho. Kuri ubu, ubushakashatsi ku kugabanya urusaku no kugabanya urusaku rw'ibyuma bisohora umwuka burimo kwiyongera, nko gushushanya imiterere itandukanye ya tuyere y'agasanduku, gukoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya urusaku rw'inyuma, kugabanya urusaku rw'amajwi, n'ibindi.
④ Ubwenge
Bitewe no kwaguka gukomeye kw'ingano y'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu nganda zo mu gihugu, ibisabwa mu kugenzura inzira yo gukora byarazamutse kuva ku kugenzura parametre y'imikorere imwe kugeza ku kugenzura parametre y'imikorere myinshi kugira ngo birusheho kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gukora. Ibipimo bitandukanye by'imikorere y'icyuma gisohora umuriro bishobora kugenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe PLC, mudasobwa nto cyangwa mudasobwa imwe, kandi ibipimo by'imikorere by'icyuma gisohora umuriro bishobora guhinduka mu buryo bwikora mu gihe nyacyo hakurikijwe impinduka z'ibipimo by'imikorere kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo, hamwe n'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, guhindagura, nibindi. Gukurikirana ibipimo kugira ngo birinde imikorere myiza y'umufana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 24 Mata 2023
