Ibikoresho bitanga umwuka ni iki? Ni ibihe bikoresho bihari?

Ibikoresho bitanga umwuka ni iki? Ni ibihe bikoresho bihari?

Ibikoresho bitanga umwuka ni igikoresho gitanga umwuka ufunze – compressor y'umwuka (compressor y'umwuka). Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa compressor y'umwuka, busanzwe ni ubwoko bwa piston, ubwoko bwa centrifugal, ubwoko bwa screw, ubwoko bwa sliding vane, ubwoko bwa scroll n'ibindi.
Umwotsi uva muri kompreseri y'umwuka ufunze urimo imyanda myinshi nk'ubushuhe, amavuta n'umukungugu. Ibikoresho byo gusukura bigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo bikureho neza imyanda kugira ngo birinde kwangiza imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu y'umwuka.

Ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa mu bikoresho byinshi n'ibikoresho byinshi. Ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka bikunze kwitwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya nyuma y'isuku mu nganda, akenshi bikaba bivuga ibigega byo kubikamo gazi, ibyuma byumisha, ibyuma biyungurura umwuka, nibindi.
● ikigega cy'umwuka
Akamaro k'ikigega gibika gazi ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'umwuka, kwishingikiriza ku kwaguka kw'umwuka no gukonjesha karemano kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe, gutandukanya ubushuhe n'amavuta mu mwuka ufunze, no kubika ingano runaka ya gazi. Ku ruhande rumwe, bishobora kugabanya impaka z'uko umwuka ukoreshwa uruta ingano y'umwuka usohoka wa mashini ifunze mu gihe gito. Ku rundi ruhande, ishobora kugumana umwuka mu gihe gito iyo mashini ifunze mu mwuka inaniwe cyangwa umuriro ubuze, kugira ngo irinde umutekano w'ibikoresho by'umwuka.

●Akamashini k'umuyaga

Icyuma cyumisha umwuka gifunze, nk'uko izina ribisobanura, ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukuramo amazi mu mwuka ufunze. Hari ibikoresho bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa mu gusukura umwuka ufunze n'ibyuma byumisha umwuka, hamwe n'ibyuma byumisha umwuka bifunze neza n'ibyuma byumisha polymer. Icyuma cyumisha umwuka gifunze ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura umwuka ufunze, kandi gikunze gukoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye n'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka. Icyuma cyumisha umwuka gifunze gikoresha imiterere y'uko igitutu cy'umwuka w'amazi mu mwuka ufunze giterwa n'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ufunze kugira ngo gikonje, kive amazi kandi kive amazi. Icyuma cyumisha umwuka gifunze gifunze muri rusange cyitwa "ibyuma byumisha umwuka bifunze" mu nganda. Inshingano yacyo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya amazi mu mwuka ufunze, ni ukuvuga kugabanya "ubushyuhe bw'ikime" cy'umwuka ufunze. Muri sisitemu rusange y'umwuka ufunze mu nganda, ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikenewe mu gusukura no kumisha umwuka ufunze (bizwi kandi nka nyuma yo gutunganya).

Ihame 1 ry'ibanze

Umwuka ufunze ushobora kugera ku ntego yo gukuraho umwuka w’amazi binyuze mu gukanika, gukonjesha, kuwushyira mu kirere n’ubundi buryo. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha ni bwo buryo bwo gukonjesha. Tuzi ko umwuka ufunze ukoresheje compressor y’umwuka urimo imyuka itandukanye n’umwuka w’amazi, bityo ukaba ari umwuka utose. Ubushuhe bw’umwuka ufunze muri rusange bungana n’umuvuduko, ni ukuvuga ko uko umuvuduko uba mwinshi, ni ko ubushuhe buba buke. Nyuma y’uko umuvuduko w’umwuka wiyongereye, umwuka w’amazi mu kirere urenze urugero rushoboka uzahinduka amazi (ni ukuvuga ko ingano y’umwuka ufunze iba nto kandi ntushobora gufata umwuka w’amazi wa mbere).

Ibi bivuze ko ugereranyije n'umwuka wahumekwaga bwa mbere, ubushuhe burushaho kuba buto (aha bivuze kugaruka kw'iki gice cy'umwuka wapfunyitse mu gihe kitapfunyitse).

Ariko, umwuka usohoka wa kompreseri y'umwuka uracyari umwuka ufunze, kandi ingano y'umwuka w'amazi iri ku gipimo ntarengwa gishoboka, ni ukuvuga ko uri mu mimerere ikomeye ya gaze n'amazi. Umwuka ufunze muri iki gihe witwa imiterere yuzuye, bityo mu gihe cyose ushyizwemo umuvuduko muto, umwuka w'amazi uzahita uhinduka ukava mu mimerere ya gaze ukajya mu mimerere ya mazi, ni ukuvuga ko amazi azapfunyika.

Dufashe ko umwuka ari ikirahure gitose cyakuyemo amazi, ubushuhe bwacyo ni amazi yakinjijwemo. Iyo amazi amwe acishijwe mu kirahure ku ngufu, ubushuhe bwacyo buragabanuka cyane. Iyo uretse ikirahure kigasubirana, kizaba cyumye kurusha ikirahure cya mbere. Ibi kandi bigeraho intego yo gukuramo amazi no kuyumisha hakoreshejwe imbaraga.
Iyo nta yindi mbaraga ihari nyuma yo kugera ku mbaraga runaka mu gihe cyo gukamura siponji, amazi azareka gukamurwa, ari na yo mpamvu yuzuye. Komeza wongere imbaraga z'ikamurwa, kandi haracyari amazi atemba.

Bityo rero, umubiri wa compressor y'umwuka ubwawo ufite akazi ko gukuraho amazi, kandi uburyo bukoreshwa ni ugushyiramo igitutu, ariko iyi si intego ya compressor y'umwuka, ahubwo ni umutwaro "ubi".

Kuki "pressurization" idakoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gukura amazi mu mwuka ufunze? Ibi ahanini biterwa no kugabanya amafaranga, byongera umuvuduko ho kilo 1. Gukoresha hafi 7% by'ingufu zikoreshwa ntabwo ari byiza cyane.

Gukuraho amazi mu buryo bwo "gukonjesha" birahendutse cyane, kandi icyuma cyumisha amazi muri firigo gikoresha ihame rimwe no gukuraho ubushuhe muri firigo kugira ngo kigere ku ntego. Kubera ko ubucucike bw'umwuka wuzuye bufite aho bugarukira, mu gitutu cy'ikirere (2MPa), bishobora gufatwa nk'uko ubucucike bw'umwuka wuzuye mu mwuka wuzuye bushingiye gusa ku bushyuhe kandi ntaho buhuriye n'umuvuduko w'umwuka.

Uko ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera, ni ko umwuka w’amazi uba mwinshi mu kirere cyuzuye, kandi amazi azaba menshi. Ahubwo, uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, ni ko amazi aba make (ibi bishobora kumvikana mu buryo busanzwe mu buzima, igihe cy’itumba kiba cyumye kandi gikonje, igihe cy’impeshyi kiba gishyushye kandi gikonje).

Konjesha umwuka ufunze kugeza ku bushyuhe buri hasi bushoboka kugira ngo ugabanye ubucucike bw'umwuka w'amazi urimo kandi ukore "ubucucike", kusanya utudomo duto tw'amazi twakozwe n'ubucucike hanyuma uturekure, kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho ubushuhe mu mwuka ufunze.

Kubera ko bikubiyemo inzira yo gukonja no gukonja mu mazi, ubushyuhe ntibushobora kuba munsi y' "ahantu ho gukonja", bitabaye ibyo, gukonja ntibizatwara amazi neza. Ubusanzwe ubushyuhe bwa "aho gukonja" bw'icyuma cyumisha amazi muri firigo akenshi ni 2 ~ 10°C.

Urugero, "igipimo cy'umuvuduko" kuri 10°C cya 0.7MPa gihindurwamo "igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'ikirere" kikagera kuri -16°C. Birumvikana ko iyo bikoreshejwe ahantu hatari munsi ya -16°C, nta mazi y'amazi azaba ahari iyo umwuka ufunze urangiye mu kirere.

Uburyo bwose bwo gukuramo amazi mu mwuka ufunze ni ubwumye, bugera ku rugero runaka rw'umwuma. Ntibishoboka gukuraho ubushuhe burundu, kandi ntabwo bihendutse cyane gukomeza kuzura birenze ibisabwa.
2 Ihame ry'imikorere

Akamashini karimo umwuka ufunze gakonjesha umwuka ufunze gakonjesha umwuka ufunze kugira ngo gahuze umwuka w’amazi uri mu mwuka ufunze mo ibitonyanga by’amazi, kugira ngo gashobore kugabanya ubushuhe bw’umwuka ufunze.
Udutonyanga duto dusohoka mu mashini binyuze mu buryo bwo gusohora amazi bwikora. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro wo munsi y'amazi aho icyuma cyumisha kitari munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'ikigero cy'amazi aho icyuma gisohoka, ubushyuhe bwa kabiri ntibuzabaho.

Imikorere 3

Uburyo umwuka ufunze:
Umwuka ufunze winjira mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe bw'umwuka (preheater) [1], bibanza kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ufunze cyane, hanyuma ukinjira muri Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2], aho umwuka ufunze ukonjeshwa vuba cyane, bigabanura ubushyuhe kugeza ku rugero rw'ikigero cy'amazi, maze amazi y'amazi n'umwuka ufunze bitandukanyijwe mu cyuma gitandukanya amazi [3], kandi amazi yatandukanyijwe agasohoka mu mashini hakoreshejwe igikoresho gikoresha amazi mu buryo bwikora.

Umwuka ufunze n'ubushyuhe bworoshye bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe muri evaporator [2]. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ufunze buba buri hasi cyane, bungana n'ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 2 ~ 10. Iyo nta gipimo cyihariye gikenewe (ni ukuvuga ko nta gipimo cy'ubushyuhe cyo hasi gikenewe ku mwuka ufunze), ubusanzwe umwuka ufunze uzagaruka mu cyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe (preheater) [1] kugira ngo uhindure ubushyuhe n'umwuka ufunze ubushyuhe bwinshi winjiye mu cyuma gikonjesha. Intego yo gukora ibi:

① Koresha neza "uburyo bwo gukonjesha imyanda" y'umwuka wumye ufunze kugira ngo ukonjeshe umwuka ufunze ushyushye cyane winjiye mu cyuma gikonjesha, kugira ngo ugabanye umutwaro wo gukonjesha w'icyuma gikonjesha;

② Irinde ibibazo bya kabiri nko gushonga kw'amazi, gutonyanga, no kwangirika inyuma y'umuyoboro w'inyuma biterwa n'umwuka wumye kandi ufunze neza.

Uburyo bwo gushyira muri firigo:

Freon ishyushya ijya muri compressor [4], kandi nyuma yo gukanda, umuvuduko uriyongera (kandi ubushyuhe nabwo buriyongera), kandi iyo iri hejuru gato y’umuvuduko uri muri condenser, umwuka ushyushya ushyushya uva muri condenser [6]. Muri condenser, umwuka ushyushya ushyushya ku bushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko uhinduranya ubushyuhe n’umwuka ku bushyuhe buri hasi (gukonjesha k’umwuka) cyangwa amazi akonje (gukonjesha k’amazi), bityo Freon ishyushya ikagira imiterere y’amazi.

Muri iki gihe, icyuma gikonjesha amazi cyinjira muri Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2] binyuze muri capillary tube/expansion valve [8] kugira ngo gikonjeshe (gikonjeshe) kandi gikurure ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ufunze uri muri evaporator kugira ngo gikonjeshe. Ikintu kigomba gukonjeshwa - umwuka ufunze urakonjeshwa, maze umwuka ufunze ufunze utwarwa na compressor kugira ngo utangire uruziga rukurikira.

Iyi firigo irangiza uruhererekane rw'ibintu bine byo gukanda, gushonga, kwaguka (gufunga), no guhumeka mu buryo bw'umwuka. Binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'uruhererekane ruhoraho, intego yo gukonjesha umwuka ufunze igerwaho.
Imikorere 4 ya buri gice
icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe bw'umwuka
Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yivanze ku rukuta rw'inyuma rw'umuyoboro wo hanze, umwuka wumye uva muri evaporator hanyuma wongere uhindure ubushyuhe n'umwuka ushyushye kandi utose ufunze mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka winjira muri evaporator buragabanuka cyane.

guhinduranya ubushyuhe
Iyi firigo ifata ubushyuhe ikagenda yiyongera mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, ihinduka kuva ku rugero rw'amazi ikajya ku rugero rw'umwuka, maze umwuka ufunze ukonjeshwa n'ubushyuhe, bityo umwuka w'amazi mu mwuka ufunze uhinduka kuva ku rugero rw'umwuka ukajya ku rugero rw'amazi.

gutandukanya amazi
Amazi y’amazi yakuwemo umwuka atandukanijwe n’umwuka ufunze uri mu gikoresho gitandukanya amazi. Uko igikoresho gitandukanya amazi kirushaho kuba kinini, ni ko urugero rw’amazi y’amazi rurushaho kwiyongera mu mwuka ufunze, kandi ni ko igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka ufunze kigabanuka.

kompreseri
Imashini ishyushya ikoresheje umwuka yinjira muri compressor ishyushya ikavamo mashini ishyushya ikoresheje umwuka ishyushya cyane kandi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.

valve yo kunyuramo
Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'amazi yaguye bugabanutse munsi y'ubukonje, urubura rufunze ruzafunga urubura. Valve ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko ku bushyuhe buhamye (hagati ya 1 na 6°C)

kondensateri

Kondensateri igabanya ubushyuhe bwa firigo, kandi firigo ihinduka kuva ku gipimo cy’umwuka ushyushye cyane ikagera ku gipimo cy’amazi gishyushye cyane.

akayunguruzo
Akayunguruzo gasukura neza imyanda iri muri firigo.

Valve yo kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso/imitsi
Iyo firigo inyuze muri valve y’imiyoboro ya capillary, ingano yayo iragenda yiyongera, ubushyuhe bwayo buragabanuka, maze ikaba amazi afite ubushyuhe buke kandi afite umuvuduko muto.

Igitandukanya gazi n'amazi
Kubera ko icyuma gikonjesha amazi cyinjira muri compressor kizatera impanuka y'amazi, bishobora kwangiza compressor ikonjesha, icyuma gitandukanya gaze n'amazi gikonjesha gituma icyuma gikonjesha gishyirwa mu muri compressor gusa.

amazi yo kuvoma yikora
Umuyoboro w'amazi wikora usohora amazi y'amazi arundanyije hasi mu gice cyo gutandukanya amazi asohoka mu mashini mu gihe runaka.

icyuma cyumisha

Icyuma cyumisha gikonjeshwa gifite ibyiza byo kuba imiterere mito, gukoresha no kubungabunga byoroshye, ndetse n'amafaranga make yo kugitunganya. Kirakwiriye igihe ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko w'umwuka ufunze butari hasi cyane (hejuru ya 0°C).
Imashini yumutsa umwuka ikoresha akantu ko gusukura umwuka kugira ngo ikureho ubushuhe no kumisha umwuka ufunze utemba. Imashini yumutsa umwuka usubiramo umwuka ikunze gukoreshwa buri munsi.
● akayunguruzo
Utuyungurura tugabanyijemo utuyungurura tw’imiyoboro minini, utuyungurura twa gazi n’amazi, utuyungurura twa deodoration ya karubone, utuyungurura twa sterilization y’umwuka, nibindi, kandi inshingano zabyo ni ugukuramo amavuta, umukungugu, ubushuhe n’indi myanda mu kirere kugira ngo haboneke umwuka mwiza ufunze.